![]() ![]() Several studies have suggested that PMR effectively reduces test anxiety in students. PMR targets emotionality/physiology rather than worry/cognition. For instance, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a common behavioral approach to easing physiological reactivity to test situations. There are different interventions for test anxiety that target either emotionality or cognition. Worry, or cognition, is a psychological phenomenon related to the overwhelming distress associated with testing situations. ![]() Emotionality, or physiology, involves awareness of physiological arousal associated with test situations: Increased heart rate, perspiration, muscle tension, and blood pressure. Test anxiety comprises two interdependent factors: Emotionality (or physiology) and worry (or cognition). Research has demonstrated a series of adverse effects associated with test anxiety, such as impaired academic achievement and mental health problems. Medical education has always been regarded by students as a high-pressure environment, and the incidence rate of test anxiety among medical students is 25%-56%. ![]()
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